In truth, I cannot agree with Strong's errant definition of the Greek word κόσμος. The word κόσμος basically means
society. Please see
Clifton Emahiser's paper on John 3:16, which I contributed to. Once it is realized that κόσμος truly means
society, a lot of New Testament passages fall right into harmony with the context of the Bible and all the promises to the Patriarchs and the wider Adaminc race.
Below is an article from my book,
The Records of Luke, from Appendix C, on the word κόσμος:
κόσμος (2889) appears 102 times in the books of the New Testament which are attributed to John, 51 times in Paul’s epistles, and only 29 times elsewhere (Moulton-Geden), and while due to differences among mss. the NA27 may not agree totally, this is an accurate reflection of the frequency of the word’s usage. Of these last 29 times, three times the word appears in Luke, at 9:25; 11:50; and 12:30; and once in Acts at 17:24. L & S define κόσμος: “
order... good order, good behaviour, decency...the form, fashion of a thing...of states, order, government...II.
an ornament, decoration, embellishment, dress...III.
a regulator...IV.
the world or universe, from its perfect order...mankind, as we use ‘
the world’, N.T.” This last definition, where Liddell & Scott (L & S) show how the various New Testament translators and commentators perceive the term’s usage there, deserves further scrutiny.
Other words translated “world” in the A.V. are αἰών and αἰώνιος, which are literally “age” and “lasting for an age”, temporal and not spatial terms, which may give further insight into the flexibility of the definition of “world” in the translators’ minds, and also οἰκουμένη (3625) a word which appears in the N.T. but 15 times, of which 8 are in Luke’s writing. Here the term is rendered either “inhabited world” or “inhabited earth” and is found at Luke 2:1; 4:5; and 21:26; Acts 11:28; 17:6; 17:31; 19:27; and 24:5.
L & S define οἰκουμένη “
the inhabited world, a term used to designate
the Greek world, as opposed to barbarian lands...so in Roman times,
the Roman world...”. Strabo, the geographer, who died about 25 A.D. and so he wrote not long before Paul, described the οἰκουμένη in his 17-book
Geography. It included practically all of the lands inhabited by the White races - and not only the Romans, but the Parthians, Scythians and others of Asia, and all of northern Africa. Diodorus Siculus, writing about 40 B.C., referred to the lands about India as the “limits of the inhabited world” (τῆς οἰκουμένης) in his
Library of History, at 1.19.7. This was the οἰκουμένη - the “world” in which the race of Adam inhabited (Deut. 32:8; Acts 17:26) - the physical “world” in spite of the fact that Strabo and others knew very well of lands - inhabited by alien tribes - both in southern Africa and to the east of India - which were not considered a part of the οἰκουμένη, nor could they be included in the κόσμος.
It should be quite evident that if the οἰκουμένη was the portion of the physical world inhabited by Adamic man (and note the word’s use at Luke 2:1, where it denotes only the Roman portion of that), the κόσμος describes the order, decorum, and arrangement of the οἰκουμένη. While the οἰκουμένη was the physical world, the κόσμος was its society and embellishment. Of course, the heavenly bodies were considered by the Greeks and Romans to be only another part of that embellishment, and much more a part of their “world” than we perceive them to be of ours today. Support for this idea that κόσμος is “society” is found in the May-June 2004 issue of
Archaeology Odyssey, on p. 26 in an article entitled “Is Homer Historical?” by one Gregory Nagy, and while I can’t agree with the author’s opinions concerning Homer and his writings, the definition of κόσμος found in the article on p. 31 is a good one. This is certainly a far departure from the universalist theologian’s view of the “world” as the planet and everyone in it, which is surely not an accurate view when compared with the ancient texts. Because I have not an accurate word to describe κόσμος effectively in English, I have left it merely transliterated, “cosmos”. If compelled, I would by necessity translate the word “Adamic world” or “Adamic society”. Anything more or less is intellectually dishonest.
The related verb, κόσμέω (2885), is “
to order, arrange...to deck, adorn, equip, furnish, dress...” (L & S) and appears twice in Luke, at 11:25 where it is
to ornament and at 21:5 where it is to adorn.
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Here I must note that in my one-volume work
The Christogenea New Testament, I did relent and translate κόσμος as
society almost everywhere it appears, where in some other cases it is
order.
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If anyone sees that the Greek fonts in this article are garbled, please inform me at
info@christogenea.org, with a link to the article.